For a quick access and open surgery
Electro-cautery reduces the bleeding
In Laparoscopy, we insufflate the abdomen with CO2 and gain the first access.
The laparoscopic surgery access is through PORTS which allow long instruments inside to perform the surgery
The monitor shows the inside picture delivered through a camera and light source. The surgeon looks at the monitor and performs the surgery. It requires a bit of precision but it's not as complicated as it seems to be.
LASER used for Proctology and varicose
